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Nuclear Fuel in Operational Conditions
Konopová, Tamara ; Novotný, Filip (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of nuclear fuel. Firstly, the problem of nuclear fuel in the implementation for certain reactors is presented. Production of nuclear fuel is introduced, which includes the performance of companies engaged in the production of this fuel. Secondly, the phenomena in the fuel burnup are discussed. Lastly, the burnable absorbers are mentioned and the analysis of burnable absorbers is carried out.
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Preparation of photon-upconversion nanoparticles
Kelarová, Štěpánka ; Křivánková,, Jana (referee) ; Hlaváček,, Antonín (advisor)
The present work aimed to characterize photon-upconversion nanoparticles based on lanthanides. The synthesis of NaGdF4:Yb/Tm@NaGdF4:Eu core-shell nanoparticles using a europium activator was designed based on the available literature. Prepared upconversion nanoparticles showed emission in visible spectral range due to energy migration-mediated upconversion (EMU). The upconversion mechanism was initiated using a 980 nm excitation beam. The optical properties of prepared nanoparticles were examined using fluorescence spectroscopy. This work describes the evolution of optical properties of upconversion nanoparticles in dependency on the europium concentration in the shell in the range of 1560 mol. %. It was proved that decrease of europium concentration from 60 mol. % to 15 mol. % led to the increased intensity of emitted radiation. Thus, the efficiency of the upconversion process can be improved by the appropriate choice of europium concentration. The present study compares the upconversion efficiency of prepared NaGdF4:Yb/Tm@NaGdF4:Eu nanoparticles with standard NaYF4:Yb, Er nanoparticles using erbium activator.
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Effect of EU doping on the optical properties of ZnO nanorods prepared by chemical bath deposition
Yatskiv, Roman ; Bašinová, Nikola ; Grym, Jan ; Vaniš, Jan
We report on the properties of Eu-doped ZnO nanorods prepared by chemical bath deposition from aqueous solutions in an autoclave. The autoclave enables to grow the nanorods above the boiling point of water. The nanorods were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy. Under the UV light excitation, the nanorods show a strong blue emission at 450 nm, which is associated with the 4f(6)5d - 4f(4) transitions of Eu2+ ions. We discuss the mechanisms responsible for the blue luminescence. We further clarify how the growth parameters affect the morphology and the optical properties of the nanorods. Growth temperatures above the boiling point of water significantly influence the intensity ratio of the near band edge emission to the deep level emission and greatly enhance optical quality of the nanorods.
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Studies of Lanthanide Complexes by a Combination of Spectroscopic Methods
Krupová, Monika ; Bouř, Petr (advisor) ; Kapitán, Josef (referee)
Studies of Lanthanide Complexes by a Combination of Spectroscopic Methods Monika Krupová (Department of Physical and Macromoecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague) Since conventional structural analysis offers rather limited means for the chirality detection, a series of lanthanide tris-(β-diketonates) are investigated as effective receptors for a better chirality sensing in biomolecular substrates. These lanthanide complexes containing β-diketonate ligands are electrically neutral; they can further coordinate with various small organic molecules such as chiral alcohols, amino alcohols or amino acids in organic solvents and produce a strong chiral signal. Previously, a resonance in Raman scattering was observed in the studied systems due to the correspondence of europium electronic transition energy to the laser excitation wavelength, about a 100-fold signal enhancement if compared to non-resonant vibrational ROA was observed. This enabled shorter detection times as well as lower sample concentrations. In the current work, interaction of the Eu(FOD) complex with (R)- and (S)- enantiomer of 1-phenylethanol in n-hexane was studied using IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Raman optical activity (ROA), UV-Vis spectroscopy and ultraviolet circular dichroism (UVCD). Only...
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Preparation of photon-upconversion nanoparticles
Kelarová, Štěpánka ; Křivánková,, Jana (referee) ; Hlaváček,, Antonín (advisor)
The present work aimed to characterize photon-upconversion nanoparticles based on lanthanides. The synthesis of NaGdF4:Yb/Tm@NaGdF4:Eu core-shell nanoparticles using a europium activator was designed based on the available literature. Prepared upconversion nanoparticles showed emission in visible spectral range due to energy migration-mediated upconversion (EMU). The upconversion mechanism was initiated using a 980 nm excitation beam. The optical properties of prepared nanoparticles were examined using fluorescence spectroscopy. This work describes the evolution of optical properties of upconversion nanoparticles in dependency on the europium concentration in the shell in the range of 1560 mol. %. It was proved that decrease of europium concentration from 60 mol. % to 15 mol. % led to the increased intensity of emitted radiation. Thus, the efficiency of the upconversion process can be improved by the appropriate choice of europium concentration. The present study compares the upconversion efficiency of prepared NaGdF4:Yb/Tm@NaGdF4:Eu nanoparticles with standard NaYF4:Yb, Er nanoparticles using erbium activator.
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Studies of Lanthanide Complexes by a Combination of Spectroscopic Methods
Krupová, Monika ; Bouř, Petr (advisor) ; Kapitán, Josef (referee)
Studies of Lanthanide Complexes by a Combination of Spectroscopic Methods Monika Krupová (Department of Physical and Macromoecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague) Since conventional structural analysis offers rather limited means for the chirality detection, a series of lanthanide tris-(β-diketonates) are investigated as effective receptors for a better chirality sensing in biomolecular substrates. These lanthanide complexes containing β-diketonate ligands are electrically neutral; they can further coordinate with various small organic molecules such as chiral alcohols, amino alcohols or amino acids in organic solvents and produce a strong chiral signal. Previously, a resonance in Raman scattering was observed in the studied systems due to the correspondence of europium electronic transition energy to the laser excitation wavelength, about a 100-fold signal enhancement if compared to non-resonant vibrational ROA was observed. This enabled shorter detection times as well as lower sample concentrations. In the current work, interaction of the Eu(FOD) complex with (R)- and (S)- enantiomer of 1-phenylethanol in n-hexane was studied using IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Raman optical activity (ROA), UV-Vis spectroscopy and ultraviolet circular dichroism (UVCD). Only...
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Nuclear Fuel in Operational Conditions
Konopová, Tamara ; Novotný, Filip (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of nuclear fuel. Firstly, the problem of nuclear fuel in the implementation for certain reactors is presented. Production of nuclear fuel is introduced, which includes the performance of companies engaged in the production of this fuel. Secondly, the phenomena in the fuel burnup are discussed. Lastly, the burnable absorbers are mentioned and the analysis of burnable absorbers is carried out.
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Získávání sloučenin yttria a europia z odpadních luminoforů vznikajících při recyklaci CRT obrazovek
Gruber, Václav
In the recycling process of classical CRT displays a toxic waste containing spent phosphors is formed. The material is dumped without further treatment though the values of yttrium and europium are over 10 and 1%,respectively. The technology here proposed shows the method of isolation of both valuable components by liquid-liquid extraction. Dust or sludge is dissolved in nitric acid and yttrium and europium salts are extracted out from the leaching liqour by bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. The final products are pure oxides of Y,Eu. Zinc carbonate forms a by-product and can be exploited in zinc metallurgy.
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